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Python编码与进制转换大全

Posted on Edited on In

这将是史上最全的Python编码与进制转换

进制转换

特别注意：纯数字之间才可以进制转换

十进制->二进制

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# 注意:输入的十进制数的类型为int，输出的二，八，十六进制类型为str
In [3]: num_dec = 5
In [8]: type(num_dec)        
Out[8]: int

In [4]: num_bin = bin(num_dec)

In [5]: num_bin
Out[5]: '0b101'

In [6]: type(num_bin)
Out[6]: str

In [7]: len(num_bin)
Out[7]: 5

十进制->八进制

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In [12]: num_dec = 9

In [13]: num_oct = oct(num_dec)

In [14]: num_oct
Out[14]: '0o11'

In [15]: type(num_oct)
Out[15]: str

In [16]: len(num_oct)
Out[16]: 4

十进制->十六进制

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In [17]: num_dec = 25

In [18]: num_hex = hex(num_dec)

In [19]: num_hex
Out[19]: '0x19'

In [20]: type(num_hex)
Out[20]: str

In [21]: len(num_hex)
Out[21]: 4

二进制->十进制

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# 注意:输入的二进制数的类型为int，输出的十进制类型为int
In [30]: num_bin = 0b101
In [32]: type(num_bin)
Out[32]: int

In [34]: num_dec = int(num_bin)

In [35]: num_dec
Out[35]: 5

In [36]: type(num_dec)
Out[36]: int

二进制->八进制

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# 注意:输入的二进制数的类型为int，输出的八，十六进制类型为str
In [41]: num_bin = 0b101

In [42]: num_oct = oct(num_bin)

In [43]: num_oct
Out[43]: '0o5'

In [44]: type(num_oct)
Out[44]: str

In [45]: len(num_oct)
Out[45]: 3

二进制->十六进制

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In [46]: num_bin = 0b101

In [47]: num_hex = hex(num_bin)

In [48]: num_hex
Out[48]: '0x5'

In [49]: type(num_hex)
Out[49]: str

In [50]: len(num_hex)
Out[50]: 3

八进制->十进制

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# 注意:输入的八进制数的类型为int，输出的十进制类型为int
In [51]: num_oct = 0o101

In [52]: type(num_oct)
Out[52]: int

In [53]: num_dec = int(num_oct)

In [54]: num_dec
Out[54]: 65

In [55]: type(num_dec)
Out[55]: int

八进制->二进制

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# 注意:输入的八进制数的类型为int，输出的二，十六进制类型为str
In [56]: num_oct = 0o101

In [57]: num_bin = bin(num_oct)

In [58]: num_bin
Out[58]: '0b1000001'

In [59]: type(num_bin)
Out[59]: str

In [60]: len(num_bin)
Out[60]: 9

八进制->十六进制

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In [61]: num_oct = 0o101

In [62]: num_hex = hex(num_oct)

In [63]: num_hex
Out[63]: '0x41'

In [64]: type(num_hex)
Out[64]: str

In [65]: len(num_hex)
Out[65]: 4

十六进制->十进制

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# 注意:输入的十六进制数的类型为int，输出的十进制类型为int
In [66]: num_hex = 0xff

In [67]: type(num_hex)
Out[67]: int

In [68]: num_dec = int(num_hex)

In [69]: num_dec
Out[69]: 255

In [70]: type(num_dec)
Out[70]: int

十六进制->二进制

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# 注意:输入的十六进制数的类型为int，输出的二，八进制类型为str
In [71]: num_hex = 0xff

In [72]: num_bin = bin(num_hex)

In [73]: num_bin
Out[73]: '0b11111111'

In [75]: type(num_bin)
Out[75]: str

In [76]: len(num_bin)
Out[76]: 10

十六进制->八进制

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In [77]: num_hex = 0xff

In [78]: num_oct = oct(num_hex)

In [79]: num_oct
Out[79]: '0o377'

In [80]: type(num_oct)
Out[80]: str

In [81]: len(num_oct)
Out[81]: 5

类型转换

字符串(内容为十进制)->十进制数字

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In [100]: num_str = '100'

In [101]: type(num_str)
Out[101]: str

In [103]: num_int = int(num_str)

In [104]: num_int
Out[104]: 100

In [105]: type(num_int)
Out[105]: int

字符串(内容为二进制)->十进制数字

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In [116]: num_str = '101001011'

In [117]: type(num_str)
Out[117]: str

In [118]: num_int = int(num_str, 2)     # 第二个参数2表示按2进制解释字符串

In [119]: num_int
Out[119]: 331

In [120]: type(num_int)
Out[120]: int

字符串(内容为八进制)->十进制数字

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In [106]: num_str = '3751'

In [107]: type(num_str)
Out[107]: str

In [108]: num_int = int(num_str, 8)     # 第二个参数8表示按8进制解释字符串

In [109]: num_int
Out[109]: 2025

In [110]: type(num_int)
Out[110]: int

字符串(内容为十六进制)->十进制数字

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In [111]: num_str = 'aabbccddff'

In [112]: type(num_str)
Out[112]: str

In [113]: num_int = int(num_str, 16)   # 第二个参数16表示按16进制解释字符串

In [114]: num_int
Out[114]: 733295205887

In [115]: type(num_int)
Out[115]: int

字符串(内容为十六进制)->字节型(十六进制形式)

Python3 

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In [121]: str_hex = 'aabbccddeeff'

In [122]: type(str_hex)
Out[122]: str

In [123]: str_hex_true = bytes.fromhex(str_hex)

In [124]: str_hex_true
Out[124]: b'\xaa\xbb\xcc\xdd\xee\xff'

In [125]: len(str_hex_true)
Out[125]: 6

In [126]: type(str_hex_true)
Out[126]: bytes

Python2 

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In [4]: str_hex = 'aabbccddeeff'

In [5]: type(str_hex)
Out[5]: str

In [6]: str_hex_true = str_hex.decode('hex')

In [7]: str_hex_true
Out[7]: '\xaa\xbb\xcc\xdd\xee\xff'

In [8]: type(str_hex_true)
Out[8]: str

In [9]: len(str_hex_true)
Out[9]: 6

字节型（十六进制形式)->字符串(内容为十六进制)

Python3 

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In [3]: str_hex_true
Out[3]: b'\xaa\xbb\xcc\xdd\xee\xff'

In [4]: str_hex = str_hex_true.hex()

In [5]: str_hex
Out[5]: 'aabbccddeeff'

In [6]: type(str_hex)
Out[6]: str

Python2 

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In [27]: str_hex_true
Out[27]: '\xaa\xbb\xcc\xdd\xee\xff'

In [29]: str_hex = str_hex_true.encode('hex')

In [30]: str_hex
Out[30]: 'aabbccddeeff'

In [31]: type(str_hex)
Out[31]: str

编码转换

字符串->ASCII

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# 单字符
In [7]: string_single = 'A'

In [8]: str2ascii = ord(string_single)

In [9]: str2ascii     # 十进制
Out[9]: 65

In [10]: type(str2ascii)
Out[10]: int


# 多字符(字符串)
In [12]: string = 'I am MinuteSheep'

In [13]: str2ascii = ''.join(map(hex, map(ord, string))).replace('0x', '')

In [14]: str2ascii   # 内容为十六进制ASCII码的字符串
Out[14]: '4920616d204d696e7574655368656570'

In [15]: type(str2ascii)
Out[15]: str

ASCII->字符串

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# 单ASCII码
In [16]: ascii_single = 68

In [17]: ascii2str = chr(ascii_single)

In [18]: ascii2str
Out[18]: 'D'

In [19]: type(ascii2str)
Out[19]: str


# ASCII码字符串
In [26]: ascii = '4920616d204d696e7574655368656570'

In [27]: ascii2str = ''.join(map(chr, bytes.fromhex(ascii)))

In [28]: ascii2str
Out[28]: 'I am MinuteSheep'

In [30]: type(ascii2str)
Out[30]: str

Unicode、Utf-8、Gbk互转

不同编码格式之间的转换遵循的核心原则：Unicode可以编码为其它码，其它码可以解码为Unicode,因此不同的编码格式互相转换时需要Unicode作为中介

Python3所有的字符串默认为Unicode 

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# 此段代码不适用于Python2
# Unicode
In [31]: str_unicode = '密码学'

In [32]: unicode2utf8 = str_unicode.encode('utf8')

In [33]: unicode2gbk = str_unicode.encode('gbk')

In [34]: str_unicode
Out[34]: '密码学'

In [35]: unicode2utf8
Out[35]: b'\xe5\xaf\x86\xe7\xa0\x81\xe5\xad\xa6'

In [36]: unicode2gbk
Out[36]: b'\xc3\xdc\xc2\xeb\xd1\xa7'



In [37]: utf8 = b'\xe5\xaf\x86\xe7\xa0\x81\xe5\xad\xa6'
In [38]: gbk = b'\xc3\xdc\xc2\xeb\xd1\xa7'

In [39]: utf82unicode = utf8.decode('utf8')

In [40]: gbk2unicode = gbk.decode('gbk')

In [41]: utf82unicode
Out[41]: '密码学'

In [42]: gbk2unicode
Out[42]: '密码学'